TO REMEMBER WHERE MELANIN PIGMENT IS FOUND REMEMBER........... CAMS

TO REMEMBER WHERE MELANIN PIGMENT IS FOUND REMEMBER...........
CAMS

1. CHOROID OF EYE
2. ADRENAL MEDULLA
3. MENINGES
4. SKIN..

MORE INFORMATION..........

1. SYNTHESIZED IN MELANOCYTES AND D4ENDRITIC CELLS

2. MELANOCYTES POSSESES TYROSINASE

3. DETECTED BY INCUBATION OF TISSUE SECTION IN DOPA
HYPER PIGMENTATION

ADDISON DISEASE AREA TO LIGHT AND BUCCAL MUCOSA
CHLOASMA FACE, NIPPLES, GENITALIA
CHRONIC ARSENICAL POISING RAIN DROP PIGMENTATION
CAFE AU LAIT PATCHES IN ALBRIGHT SYNDROME
DERMATOPATHETIC LYMPHADENTICS MELANIN DEPOSITION IN MACROPHAGES OF LYMPH NODES
LENTIGO
MELOTIC TUMUOR

Barter's syndrome , Anemia (normocytic) , Herpes I and II

Barter's syndrome: pathogenesis, major sign

Barter: "In exchange for giving away Na+,K+,Cl-, you can drop the blood pressure".

Anemia (normocytic): causes               ABCD:

Acute blood loss
Bone marrow failure
Chronic disease
Destruction (hemolysis)

Herpes I and II: lab findings.

She's an odd chick: whenever she's in a restaurant, she always orders Her Peas and Cow dry.
Herpes I and II have Cowdry Type A inclusion bodies

Calculi , Whipple's disease , Cerebral palsy

Calculi: types                 CAlCUli:

Calcium
Ammonium magnesium phosphate
Cystine
Uric acid

Whipple's disease: full features                    WHIPPLES:

Weight loss
Hyperpigmentation of skin
Infection with tropheryma whippelii
PAS positive granules in macrophage
Polyarthritis
Lymphadenopathy
Enteric involvement
Steatorrhea

Cerebral palsy: general features                    PALSY:

Paresis
Ataxia
Lagging motor development
Spasticity
Young

Hypokalaemia , Lung cancer , IBD

Hypokalaemia: clinical features                      TIMID CHIMP:

Tetany
Increases paralytic ileus (aggravates)
Muscle weakness
Increases possibility of hepatic encephalopathy
Digoxin toxicity
Cardiac arrythmias
Hypotonia
Increases P-R interval, T wave and prominent U wave
Muscle cramps
Polyuria

Lung cancer: presentation                  ABCDE:

Snowball turned to Avalanche
Blood: hemoptysis
Cough
Distruption to airway in bronchus-->pneumonia
wheezing

IBD: extraintestinal manifestations      "Left intestine to sail the SEAS of the rest of the body":

Skin manifestations: erythema nodosum, pyoderma gangrenosum
Eye inflammation: iritis, episcleritis
Arthritis
Sclerosing cholangitis

Parkinson's symptoms , Thrombus , Pick's disease

Parkinson's symptoms                   RATS 

Rigitidy (cogwheel)
Akinesia
Tremor (resting)
Shuffling gate

Thrombus: possible fates                  DOPE:

Dissolution
Organization & repair
Propagation
Embolization

Pick's disease: features                  PICK: Progressive degeneration of neurons
Intracytoplasmic Pick bodies
Cortical atrophy
Knife edge gyri

Portal hypertension

Portal hypertension: features               ABCDE: 

Ascites
Bleeding (haematemesis, piles)
Caput medusae
Diminished liver
Enlarged spleen

Cushing syndrome                     CUSHING:

Central obesity/ Cervical fat pads/ Collagen fiber weakness/ Comedones (acne)
Urinary free corisol and glucose increase
Striae/ Suppressed immunity
Hypercortisolism/ Hypertension/ Hyperglycemia/ Hirsutism
Iatrogenic (Increased administration of corticosteroids)
Noniatrogenic (Neoplasms)
Glucose intolerance/ Growth retardation

Duchenne vs. Becker Muscular Dystrophy 

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) : Doesn't Make Dystrophin.
Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD): Badly Made Dystrophin (a truncated protein).

Thyroid carcinoma: frequency                "Please Feel My A$$": 

In order of most frequent to least frequent, and in order from least aggressive to most aggressive:
Papillary carcinoma
Follicular carcinoma
Medullary thyroid carcinoma
Anaplastic carcinoma

Pathology mnenomics 2

Parkinson's disease: symptoms         PQRST: 

Paucity of expression
parQinson
Rigidity (cogwheel)
Stooped posture
Tremor at rest

 
If can't remember that Parkinson's tremor is the one that is "resting tremor", look at the last 3 letters: RST.

TTP: clinical features 

Thrombosis and thrombocytopenia PARTNER together:
Platelet count low
Anemia (microangiopathic hemolytic)
Renal failure
Temperature rise
Neurological deficits
ER admission (as it is an emergency)

COPD: blue bloater vs. pink puffer diseases emPhysema has letter P (and not B) so Pink Puffer.
chronic Bronchitis has letter B (and not P) so Blue Bloater.

Patho mnenomics

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Mouth - the culprits are all the S's:
Smoking
Spirits
Sepsis
Syphilis
Spices (betel nut)
Stumps of teeth
Supressed immune status

Hematuria: urethral causes         NUTS:
Neoplasm
Urethritis
Tumour
Stone

Oral cancer risks                    PATH LAB:
Plummer-vinson syndrome
Alcohol
Tobacco
Human papilloma virus
Leukoplakia
Asbestos
Bad oral hygiene